Tin, Sn

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Tin, Sn
Categories:	Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Tin Alloy; Other Engineering Material; Semiconductor; Pure Element
Material Notes:	White (Beta) tin, stable above 13.2°C, is the common metallic form of the element. Alpha-tin is a semiconductor. Characteristics: Susceptible to creep deformation at room temperature, Highly susceptible to corrosion in strong acidic and strong alkaline environments Typical Applications: Tinplate foil, collapsible tubes, block tin products, pewter, alloying, coatings, powder applications (sintered bronze and iron parts).
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Physical Properties	Original Value	Comments

Density	5.765 g/cc	Alpha-Tin
	6.45 g/cc	Gamma
	7.29 g/cc	Value is for the beta crystal structure, stable between 18-161 C.
Viscosity	0.87 cP @Temperature 800 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	0.95 cP @Temperature 700 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.05 cP @Temperature 600 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.18 cP @Temperature 500 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.38 cP @Temperature 400 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.66 cP @Temperature 300 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.88 cP @Temperature 250 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	2.71 cP @Temperature 232 °C	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	42300 cP @Temperature 260 °C
a Lattice Constant	6.4912 Å	Alpha-Tin
Vapor Pressure	0.00000160 bar @Temperature 927 °C
	0.0000110 bar @Temperature 1027 °C
	0.0000590 bar @Temperature 1127 °C
	0.000230 bar @Temperature 1227 °C
	0.000890 bar @Temperature 1327 °C
	0.00746 bar @Temperature 1527 °C
	0.0408 bar @Temperature 1727 °C
	0.0841 bar @Temperature 1827 °C
	0.290 bar @Temperature 2027 °C
	0.513 bar @Temperature 2127 °C
	0.851 bar @Temperature 2227 °C
	0.990 bar @Temperature 727 °C
Surface Tension	548 dynes/cm @Temperature 260 °C

Chemical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Atomic Mass	118.710	1995
Atomic Number	50
Thermal Neutron Cross Section	0.65 barns/atom
X-ray Absorption Edge	0.42468 Å	K
	2.78875 Å	L_I
	2.99492 Å	L_II
	3.16952 Å	L_III
Electrode Potential	-0.140 V
Electronegativity	1.96	Pauling
Ionic Radius	0.710 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence +4
	0.930 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence +2
	2.94 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence -4
	3.70 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence -1

Mechanical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Hardness, Brinell	2.3 @Temperature 100 °C
	3.0 @Temperature 60.0 °C
	3.9 @Temperature 20.0 °C
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	220 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield	4.50 MPa @Temperature 200 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	7.60 MPa @Temperature 150 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	11.0 MPa @Temperature 100 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	11.0 MPa @Temperature 23.0 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	12.4 MPa @Temperature 50.0 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	12.5 MPa @Temperature 0.000 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	14.5 MPa @Temperature 15.0 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	20.1 MPa @Temperature -40.0 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	36.2 MPa @Temperature -200 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	38.9 MPa @Temperature -80.0 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	87.6 MPa @Temperature -120 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	90.3 MPa @Temperature -160 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
Elongation at Yield	6.0 % @Temperature -200 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 6%
	15 % @Temperature -160 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 10%
	45 % @Temperature 200 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	55 % @Temperature 100 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	55 % @Temperature 150 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	57 % @Temperature 23.0 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
	60 % @Temperature -120 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 97%
	64 % @Temperature 0.000 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
	75 % @Temperature 15.0 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	85 % @Temperature 50.0 °C	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	86 % @Temperature -40.0 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
	89 % @Temperature -80.0 °C	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
Modulus of Elasticity	41.6 GPa	Cast (coarse grain)
	44.3 GPa	Self-annealed (fine grain)
Poissons Ratio	0.33
Shear Modulus	15.6 GPa	Calculated

Electrical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000115 ohm-cm
	0.0000110 ohm-cm @Temperature 0.000 °C
	0.0000155 ohm-cm @Temperature 100 °C
	0.0000200 ohm-cm @Temperature 200 °C
	0.0000220 ohm-cm @Temperature 231 °C
	0.0000450 ohm-cm @Temperature 232 °C	liquid
	0.0000468 ohm-cm @Temperature 300 °C	liquid
	0.0000490 ohm-cm @Temperature 400 °C	liquid
	0.0000515 ohm-cm @Temperature 500 °C	liquid
	0.0000540 ohm-cm @Temperature 600 °C	liquid
	0.0000563 ohm-cm @Temperature 700 °C	liquid
	0.0000587 ohm-cm @Temperature 800 °C	liquid
	0.0000612 ohm-cm @Temperature 900 °C	liquid
Magnetic Susceptibility	-2.50e-7	cgs/g
Critical Magnetic Field Strength, Oersted	305
Critical Superconducting Temperature	4.85 - 5.20 K @Pressure 12500 - 16000 MPa	Sn II
	5.30 K @Pressure 11300 MPa	Sn III
Dielectric Constant	24	Alpha-Tin
Band Gap	0.080 eV	Alpha-Tin
Electron Mobility, cm²/V-s	2500	Alpha-Tin
Hole Mobility, cm²/V-s	2400	Alpha-Tin

Thermal Properties	Original Value	Comments
Heat of Fusion	59.5 J/g
Heat of Vaporization	2399 J/g
CTE, linear	5.40 µm/m-°C @Temperature -50.0 °C	Alpha-Tin
	23.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C
	30.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 200 °C
	40.4 µm/m-°C @Temperature 200 °C
CTE, linear, Transverse to Flow	19.9 µm/m-°C @Temperature 200 °C
Specific Heat Capacity	0.213 J/g-°C	Alpha-Tin
	0.256 J/g-°C	Beta-Tin
Thermal Conductivity	63.2 W/m-K
	32.6 W/m-K @Temperature 232 - 332 °C	liquid
	56.5 W/m-K @Temperature 200 °C	beta phase
	60.7 W/m-K @Temperature 100 °C	beta phase
	62.8 W/m-K @Temperature 0.000 °C	beta phase
	80.8 W/m-K @Temperature -170 °C	beta phase
Melting Point	231.968 °C
Boiling Point	2602 °C
Heat of Formation	-2.10 kJ/mol	Grey (Alpha) Tin
	0.000 kJ/mol	White (Beta)-Tin
Debye Temperature	-43.0 °C	Alpha-Tin

Optical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Refractive Index	2.75 @Wavelength 589.3 nm	Alpha-Tin
Emissivity (0-1)	0.040 @Temperature 50.0 °C
Reflection Coefficient, Visible (0-1)	0.80	Bulk Solid

Component Elements Properties	Original Value	Comments
Tin, Sn	100 %

Descriptive Properties
CAS Number	7440-31-5
Crystal Structure	Cubic	Alpha-Tin; Diamond Structure - Space Group Fd3m

References for this datasheet.

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