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Lead, Pb
Categories: Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Lead Alloy; Pure Element

Material Notes: Lead is a soft, dense, ductile metal. Pure (utility) lead is used in lead-acid batteries (automobile batteries and related), ammunition and armor, counterweights, ballast, inertial components, sound insulation, and radiation shielding. Lead is a toxic element and precautions are needed to minimize human exposure.

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Physical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Density  10.22 g/cc
@Temperature 800 °C
0.3692 lb/in³
@Temperature 1470 °F
liquid
 10.37 g/cc
@Temperature 600 °C
0.3746 lb/in³
@Temperature 1110 °F
liquid
 10.6 g/cc
@Temperature 400 °C
0.383 lb/in³
@Temperature 752 °F
liquid
 10.7 g/cc
@Temperature 325 °C
0.387 lb/in³
@Temperature 617 °F
liquid
 11.0 g/cc
@Temperature 300 °C
0.397 lb/in³
@Temperature 572 °F
 11.15 g/cc
@Temperature 200 °C
0.4028 lb/in³
@Temperature 392 °F
 11.35 g/cc
@Temperature 25.0 °C
0.4100 lb/in³
@Temperature 77.0 °F
Viscosity 56500 cP
@Temperature 390 °C
56500 cP
@Temperature 734 °F
Vapor Pressure  0.001013 bar
@Temperature 957 °C
0.7598 torr
@Temperature 1750 °F
 0.01013 bar
@Temperature 1140 °C
7.598 torr
@Temperature 2080 °F
 0.1013 bar
@Temperature 1389 °C
75.98 torr
@Temperature 2532 °F
 1.013 bar
@Temperature 1750 °C
759.8 torr
@Temperature 3180 °F
Surface Tension 439 dynes/cm
@Temperature 390 °C
439 dynes/cm
@Temperature 734 °F
 
Chemical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Atomic Mass 207.2207.21995
Atomic Number 8282
Thermal Neutron Cross Section 0.17 barns/atom0.17 barns/atom
X-ray Absorption Edge 0.14077 Å0.14077 ÅK
 0.78153 Å0.78153 ÅLI
 0.81552 Å0.81552 ÅLII
 0.95112 Å0.95112 ÅLIII
Electrode Potential -0.126 V-0.126 V
Electronegativity 1.81.8Pauling
Ionic Radius 0.840 Å0.840 ÅCrystal Ionic Radius for Valence +4
 1.20 Å1.20 ÅCrystal Ionic Radius for Valence +2
Electrochemical Equivalent 3.858 g/A/h3.858 g/A/h
 
Mechanical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Hardness, Brinell 4.24.2Cast
Hardness, Vickers 5.05.0
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 18.0 MPa2610 psi
Modulus of Elasticity 14.0 GPa2030 ksi
Poissons Ratio 0.420.42
Shear Modulus 4.90 GPa711 ksicalculated
 
Electrical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Electrical Resistivity  0.000020643 ohm-cm
@Temperature 20.0 °C
0.000020643 ohm-cm
@Temperature 68.0 °F
 0.000027021 ohm-cm
@Temperature 100 °C
0.000027021 ohm-cm
@Temperature 212 °F
 0.000036378 ohm-cm
@Temperature 200 °C
0.000036378 ohm-cm
@Temperature 392 °F
 0.000047938 ohm-cm
@Temperature 300 °C
0.000047938 ohm-cm
@Temperature 572 °F
solid
 0.000097867 ohm-cm
@Temperature 340 °C
0.000097867 ohm-cm
@Temperature 644 °F
liquid
 0.000101 ohm-cm
@Temperature 400 °C
0.000101 ohm-cm
@Temperature 752 °F
liquid
Magnetic Susceptibility -1.20e-7-1.20e-7cgs/g
Critical Magnetic Field Strength, Oersted 802 - 804802 - 804
Critical Superconducting Temperature 7.19 - 7.202 K7.19 - 7.202 K3.55 K at 16.0 GPa pressure for Pb II
 
Thermal PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Heat of Fusion 24.1 J/g10.4 BTU/lb
Heat of Vaporization 850 J/g366 BTU/lb
 866.3 J/g372.7 BTU/lbAt Boiling Point
CTE, linear 29.1 µm/m-°C
@Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C
16.2 µin/in-°F
@Temperature 68.0 - 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity 0.1004 J/g-°C0.02399 BTU/lb-°FGas
 0.1287 J/g-°C
@Temperature 25.0 °C
0.03076 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 77.0 °F
 0.132 J/g-°C
@Temperature 127 °C
0.0315 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 261 °F
 0.1368 J/g-°C
@Temperature 227 °C
0.03270 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 441 °F
 0.139 J/g-°C
@Temperature 827 °C
0.0332 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 1520 °F
liquid
 0.1404 J/g-°C
@Temperature 727 °C
0.03356 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 1340 °F
liquid
 0.1421 J/g-°C
@Temperature 327.4 °C
0.03396 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 621.3 °F
solid
 0.1433 J/g-°C
@Temperature 627 °C
0.03425 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 1160 °F
liquid
 0.1449 J/g-°C
@Temperature 527 °C
0.03463 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 981 °F
liquid
 0.1465 J/g-°C
@Temperature 427 °C
0.03501 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 801 °F
liquid
 0.1479 J/g-°C
@Temperature 327.4 °C
0.03535 BTU/lb-°F
@Temperature 621.3 °F
liquid
Thermal Conductivity 33.0 W/m-K229 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point 327.5 °C621.5 °F
Boiling Point 1749 °C3180 °F
Heat of Formation 0.000 kJ/mol0.000 kJ/molCrystal
 195.2 kJ/mol195.2 kJ/molGas
 
Optical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Emissivity (0-1)  0.050
@Temperature 200 °C
0.050
@Temperature 392 °F
Oxidized; total spectrum
 0.63
@Temperature 200 °C
0.63
@Temperature 392 °F
Unoxidized total spectrum
Reflection Coefficient, Visible (0-1) 0.620.62589 nm
 
Component Elements PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Lead, Pb 100 %100 %
 
Descriptive Properties
CAS Number7439-92-1
SolubilitySoluble in concentrated Acid

References for this datasheet.

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