Aluminum 2024-T4; 2024-T351 (Included Extended Size/Shape Data)

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Aluminum 2024-T4; 2024-T351 (Included Extended Size/Shape Data)
Categories:	Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Aluminum Alloy; 2000 Series Aluminum Alloy
Material Notes:	General 2024 characteristics and uses (from Alcoa): Good machinability and surface finish capabilities. A high strength material of adequate workability. Has largely superseded 2017 for structural applications. Uses: Aircraft fittings, gears and shafts, bolts, clock parts, computer parts, couplings, fuse parts, hydraulic valve bodies, missile parts, munitions, nuts, pistons, rectifier parts, worm gears, fastening devices, veterinary and orthopedic equipment, structures. Data points with the AA note have been provided by the Aluminum Association, Inc. and are NOT FOR DESIGN. Composition Notes: A Zr + Ti limit of 0.20 percent maximum may be used with this alloy designation for extruded and forged products only, but only when the supplier or producer and the purchaser have mutually so agreed. Agreement may be indicated, for example, by reference to a standard, by letter, by order note, or other means which allow the Zr + Ti limit. Composition information provided by the Aluminum Association and is not for design.
Key Words:	Aluminium 2024-T351; AA2024-T351, Aluminium 2024-T4; UNS A92024; ISO AlCu4Mg1; NF A-U4G1 (France); DIN AlCuMg2; AA2024-T4, ASME SB211; CSA CG42 (Canada)
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Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	2.78 g/cc	0.100 lb/in³	AA; Typical

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Brinell	120	120	AA; Typical; 500 g load; 10 mm ball
Hardness, Knoop	150	150	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Hardness, Rockwell A	46.8	46.8	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Hardness, Rockwell B	75	75	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Hardness, Vickers	137	137	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	>= 395 MPa	>= 57300 psi	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T42
	>= 425 MPa	>= 61600 psi	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished); T42
	>= 425 MPa	>= 61600 psi	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished); T351
	>= 425 MPa	>= 61600 psi	Coiled sheet
	>= 425 MPa	>= 61600 psi	Rivet and cold-heading wire and rod
	>= 440 MPa	>= 63800 psi	Drawn tube; T42
	469 MPa	68000 psi	AA; Typical
	>= 495 MPa	>= 71800 psi	Extruded tube; T42
	34.0 MPa @Temperature 371 °C	4930 psi @Temperature 700 °F
	52.0 MPa @Temperature 316 °C	7540 psi @Temperature 601 °F
	76.0 MPa @Temperature 260 °C	11000 psi @Temperature 500 °F
	179 MPa @Temperature 204 °C	26000 psi @Temperature 399 °F
	310 MPa @Temperature 149 °C	45000 psi @Temperature 300 °F
	434 MPa @Temperature 100 °C	62900 psi @Temperature 212 °F
	469 MPa @Temperature 24.0 °C	68000 psi @Temperature 75.2 °F
	476 MPa @Temperature -28.0 °C	69000 psi @Temperature -18.4 °F
	490 MPa @Temperature -80.0 °C	71100 psi @Temperature -112 °F
	579 MPa @Temperature -196 °C	84000 psi @Temperature -321 °F
	>= 395 MPa @Thickness 76.23 - 102 mm	>= 57300 psi @Thickness 3.001 - 4.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 400 MPa @Thickness 50.83 - 76.2 mm	>= 58000 psi @Thickness 2.001 - 3.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 415 MPa @Thickness 50.83 - 76.2 mm	>= 60200 psi @Thickness 2.001 - 3.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 415 MPa @Thickness 25.43 - 50.8 mm	>= 60200 psi @Thickness 1.001 - 2.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 420 MPa @Thickness 12.7 - 25.4 mm	>= 60900 psi @Thickness 0.500 - 1.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 425 MPa @Thickness 0.254 - 12.7 mm	>= 61600 psi @Thickness 0.0100 - 0.499 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 425 MPa @Thickness 25.43 - 50.8 mm	>= 61600 psi @Thickness 1.001 - 2.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 435 MPa @Thickness 12.7 - 25.4 mm	>= 63100 psi @Thickness 0.500 - 1.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 440 MPa @Thickness 6.35 - 12.7 mm	>= 63800 psi @Thickness 0.250 - 0.499 in	Plate; T351
	>= 395 MPa @Diameter <=6.32 mm	>= 57300 psi @Diameter <=0.249 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 395 MPa @Diameter <=6.32 mm	>= 57300 psi @Diameter <=0.249 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 400 MPa @Diameter 165.1 - 203 mm	>= 58000 psi @Diameter 6.501 - 8.00 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 415 MPa @Diameter 6.35 - 19.0 mm	>= 60200 psi @Diameter 0.250 - 0.749 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 415 MPa @Diameter 6.35 - 19.0 mm	>= 60200 psi @Diameter 0.250 - 0.749 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 425 MPa @Diameter <=12.7 mm	>= 61600 psi @Diameter <=0.499 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 425 MPa @Diameter 12.7 - 114 mm	>= 61600 psi @Diameter 0.500 - 4.50 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 425 MPa @Diameter 114.3 - 165 mm	>= 61600 psi @Diameter 4.501 - 6.50 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 450 MPa @Diameter 19.0 - 38.07 mm	>= 65300 psi @Diameter 0.750 - 1.499 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 450 MPa @Diameter 19.0 - 38.07 mm	>= 65300 psi @Diameter 0.750 - 1.499 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 470 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 68200 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); Area 25-32 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 470 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 68200 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Extruded tube; Area 25-32 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 485 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 70300 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); Area <25 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 485 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 70300 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Extruded tube; Area <25 in²; T3510, T3511
Tensile Strength, Yield	>= 260 MPa	>= 37700 psi	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T42
	>= 260 MPa	>= 37700 psi	Extruded tube; T42
	>= 275 MPa	>= 39900 psi	Coiled sheet
	>= 275 MPa	>= 39900 psi	Rivet and cold-heading wire and rod
	>= 275 MPa	>= 39900 psi	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished); T42
	>= 275 MPa	>= 39900 psi	Drawn tube; T42
	>= 310 MPa	>= 45000 psi	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished); T351
	324 MPa	47000 psi	AA; Typical
	>= 260 MPa @Thickness 0.254 - 12.7 mm	>= 37700 psi @Thickness 0.0100 - 0.499 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 260 MPa @Thickness 12.7 - 25.4 mm	>= 37700 psi @Thickness 0.500 - 1.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 260 MPa @Thickness 25.43 - 50.8 mm	>= 37700 psi @Thickness 1.001 - 2.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 260 MPa @Thickness 50.83 - 76.2 mm	>= 37700 psi @Thickness 2.001 - 3.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 285 MPa @Thickness 76.23 - 102 mm	>= 41300 psi @Thickness 3.001 - 4.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 290 MPa @Thickness 6.35 - 12.7 mm	>= 42100 psi @Thickness 0.250 - 0.499 in	Plate; T351
	>= 290 MPa @Thickness 12.7 - 25.4 mm	>= 42100 psi @Thickness 0.500 - 1.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 290 MPa @Thickness 25.43 - 50.8 mm	>= 42100 psi @Thickness 1.001 - 2.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 290 MPa @Thickness 50.83 - 76.2 mm	>= 42100 psi @Thickness 2.001 - 3.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 260 MPa @Diameter 165.1 - 203 mm	>= 37700 psi @Diameter 6.501 - 8.00 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 275 MPa @Diameter 114.3 - 165 mm	>= 39900 psi @Diameter 4.501 - 6.50 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 290 MPa @Diameter 12.7 - 114 mm	>= 42100 psi @Diameter 0.500 - 4.50 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 290 MPa @Diameter <=6.32 mm	>= 42100 psi @Diameter <=0.249 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 290 MPa @Diameter <=6.32 mm	>= 42100 psi @Diameter <=0.249 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 305 MPa @Diameter 6.35 - 19.0 mm	>= 44200 psi @Diameter 0.250 - 0.749 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 305 MPa @Diameter 6.35 - 19.0 mm	>= 44200 psi @Diameter 0.250 - 0.749 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 310 MPa @Diameter <=12.7 mm	>= 45000 psi @Diameter <=0.499 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 315 MPa @Diameter 19.0 - 38.07 mm	>= 45700 psi @Diameter 0.750 - 1.499 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 315 MPa @Diameter 19.0 - 38.07 mm	>= 45700 psi @Diameter 0.750 - 1.499 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 315 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 45700 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Extruded tube; Area 25-32 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 330 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 47900 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); Area 25-32 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 330 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 47900 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Extruded tube; Area <25 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 360 MPa @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 52200 psi @Diameter >=1.50 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); Area <25 in²; T3510, T3511
	28.0 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 371 °C	4060 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 700 °F
	41.0 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 316 °C	5950 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 601 °F
	62.0 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 260 °C	8990 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 500 °F
	131 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 204 °C	19000 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 399 °F
	248 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 149 °C	36000 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 300 °F
	310 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 100 °C	45000 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 212 °F
	324 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature -28.0 °C	47000 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature -18.4 °F
	324 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 24.0 °C	47000 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature 75.2 °F
	338 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature -80.0 °C	49000 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature -112 °F
	421 MPa @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature -196 °C	61100 psi @Strain 0.2 %, Temperature -321 °F
Elongation at Break	>= 10 %	>= 10 %	Rivet and cold-heading wire and rod
	>= 10 %	>= 10 %	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished); T42
	>= 10 %	>= 10 %	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished); T351
	8.0 - 12 %	8.0 - 12 %	Extruded tube; T42
	8.0 - 12 %	8.0 - 12 %	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T42
	10 - 16 %	10 - 16 %	Drawn tube; T42
	12 - 15 %	12 - 15 %	Coiled sheet
	17 % @Temperature 149 °C	17 % @Temperature 300 °F
	19 % @Temperature -196 °C	19 % @Temperature -321 °F
	19 % @Temperature -80.0 °C	19 % @Temperature -112 °F
	19 % @Temperature -28.0 °C	19 % @Temperature -18.4 °F
	19 % @Temperature 24.0 °C	19 % @Temperature 75.2 °F
	19 % @Temperature 100 °C	19 % @Temperature 212 °F
	27 % @Temperature 204 °C	27 % @Temperature 399 °F
	55 % @Temperature 260 °C	55 % @Temperature 500 °F
	75 % @Temperature 316 °C	75 % @Temperature 601 °F
	100 % @Temperature 371 °C	100 % @Temperature 700 °F
	>= 4.0 % @Thickness 50.83 - 76.2 mm	>= 4.0 % @Thickness 2.001 - 3.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 4.0 % @Thickness 50.83 - 76.2 mm	>= 4.0 % @Thickness 2.001 - 3.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 4.0 % @Thickness 76.23 - 102 mm	>= 4.0 % @Thickness 3.001 - 4.00 in	Plate; T351
	6.0 - 7.0 % @Thickness 25.43 - 50.8 mm	6.0 - 7.0 % @Thickness 1.001 - 2.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	6.0 - 7.0 % @Thickness 25.43 - 50.8 mm	6.0 - 7.0 % @Thickness 1.001 - 2.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 8.0 % @Thickness 12.7 - 25.4 mm	>= 8.0 % @Thickness 0.500 - 1.00 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	>= 8.0 % @Thickness 12.7 - 25.4 mm	>= 8.0 % @Thickness 0.500 - 1.00 in	Plate; T351
	>= 12 % @Thickness 6.35 - 12.7 mm	>= 12 % @Thickness 0.250 - 0.499 in	Plate; T351
	12 - 15 % @Thickness 0.254 - 12.7 mm	12 - 15 % @Thickness 0.0100 - 0.499 in	Sheet and plate; T42
	20 % @Thickness 1.59 mm	20 % @Thickness 0.0625 in	AA; Typical
	>= 8.0 % @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 8.0 % @Diameter >=1.50 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); Area 25-32 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 8.0 % @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 8.0 % @Diameter >=1.50 in	Extruded tube; Area 25-32 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 10 % @Diameter 19.0 - 38.07 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter 0.750 - 1.499 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 10 % @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter >=1.50 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); Area <25 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 10 % @Diameter <=6.32 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter <=0.249 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 10 % @Diameter 6.35 - 19.0 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter 0.250 - 0.749 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 10 % @Diameter 19.0 - 38.07 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter 0.750 - 1.499 in	Extruded tube; T3510, T3511
	>= 10 % @Diameter >=38.1 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter >=1.50 in	Extruded tube; Area <25 in²; T3510, T3511
	>= 10 % @Diameter <=12.7 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter <=0.499 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 10 % @Diameter 12.7 - 114 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter 0.500 - 4.50 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 10 % @Diameter 114.3 - 165 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter 4.501 - 6.50 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 10 % @Diameter 165.1 - 203 mm	>= 10 % @Diameter 6.501 - 8.00 in	Wire, rod, and bar (rolled or cold finished)
	>= 12 % @Diameter <=6.32 mm	>= 12 % @Diameter <=0.249 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	>= 12 % @Diameter 6.35 - 19.0 mm	>= 12 % @Diameter 0.250 - 0.749 in	Wire, rod, bar and shapes (extruded); T3510, T3511
	19 % @Diameter 12.7 mm	19 % @Diameter 0.500 in	AA; Typical
Modulus of Elasticity	73.1 GPa	10600 ksi	AA; Typical; Average of tension and compression. Compression modulus is about 2% greater than tensile modulus.
Ultimate Bearing Strength	814 MPa	118000 psi	Edge distance/pin diameter = 2.0
Bearing Yield Strength	441 MPa	64000 psi	Edge distance/pin diameter = 2.0
Poissons Ratio	0.33	0.33
Fatigue Strength	138 MPa @# of Cycles 5.00e+8	20000 psi @# of Cycles 5.00e+8	completely reversed stress; RR Moore machine/specimen
Fracture Toughness	26.0 MPa-m½	23.7 ksi-in½	K(IC) in S-L Direction
	32.0 MPa-m½	29.1 ksi-in½	K(IC) in T-L Direction
	37.0 MPa-m½	33.7 ksi-in½	K(IC) in L-T Direction
Machinability	70 %	70 %	0-100 Scale of Aluminum Alloys
Shear Modulus	28.0 GPa	4060 ksi
Shear Strength	283 MPa	41000 psi	AA; Typical

Electrical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000582 ohm-cm @Temperature 20.0 °C	0.00000582 ohm-cm @Temperature 68.0 °F	AA; Typical

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	21.1 µm/m-°C @Temperature -50.0 - 20.0 °C	11.7 µin/in-°F @Temperature -58.0 - 68.0 °F
	22.9 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C	12.7 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 - 212 °F
	23.2 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C	12.9 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 - 212 °F	AA; Typical; average over range
	23.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 200 °C	13.2 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 - 392 °F
	24.7 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 300 °C	13.7 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 - 572 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.875 J/g-°C	0.209 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	121 W/m-K	840 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F	AA; Typical at 77°F
Melting Point	502 - 638 °C	935 - 1180 °F	AA; Typical range based on typical composition for wrought products >= 1/4 in. thickness. Eutectic melting is not eliminated by homogenization.
Solidus	502 °C	935 °F	AA; Typical
Liquidus	638 °C	1180 °F	AA; Typical

Processing Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Annealing Temperature	413 °C	775 °F
Solution Temperature	493 °C	919 °F

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Aluminum, Al	90.7 - 94.7 %	90.7 - 94.7 %	As remainder
Chromium, Cr	<= 0.10 %	<= 0.10 %
Copper, Cu	3.8 - 4.9 %	3.8 - 4.9 %
Iron, Fe	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Magnesium, Mg	1.2 - 1.8 %	1.2 - 1.8 %
Manganese, Mn	0.30 - 0.90 %	0.30 - 0.90 %
Other, each	<= 0.05 %	<= 0.05 %
Other, total	<= 0.15 %	<= 0.15 %
Silicon, Si	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Titanium, Ti	<= 0.15 %	<= 0.15 %
Zinc, Zn	<= 0.25 %	<= 0.25 %

References for this datasheet.

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MA2024T4a / 170637

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